One of the more
trendy, if not senseless, causes of our time is the
so-called oppression of China against Tibet, whose struggle for �independence�
was led by the �heroic� Dalai Lama. To all those true believers, I would
suggest a look at the Index-China.com
article, China, Tibet and Chinese Nation for the other side of the tale --
or should I say US CIA myth to Balkanize Asia�s greatest power.
Tibet, you will find,
has been part of China for more than 700 years. China contains some 56 ethnic
groups without a history of racism. The Tibetans are one of those groups and
immigrated from another part of China several thousand years ago. Flash forward
to 1951 when the Red Army entered Tibet to recover not invade that part of
China. Before that, feudal lords in Tibet made up of the 5 percent of the
population who owned 95 percent of the means of production -- and were
oppressing the people. That�s what this is about.
Buddhism was in fact
brought to Tibet from China proper before it assumed its faux role as defender
of Tibet against Chinese oppression. The facts are that Britain and America had
been working hard trying to separate Tibet from China since the 19th Century.
Britain invaded China�s Tibet twice, in 1888 and 1903. The Tibetan army and
civilians did resist but were defeated. In a second war against Tibet, the
Brits occupied Lhasa and the 13th Dalai Lama was forced to leave the city.
The invaders forced
the Tibetan local government to sign the Lhasa convention. But the ministry of
external affairs of the then Qing government believed the Lhasa convention
would damage national sovereignty. And thus its high commissioner stationed in
Tibet refused to sign, leaving the convention ineffectual.
Britain, in fact,
exploited the political chaos in China after the Qing Dynasty�s collapse and
the birth of the Republic of China in 1901. It presented the Chinese Ministry
of Foreign Affairs a five-point demand, which included the denial of China�s
sovereignty over Tibet, which the Chinese government rejected. In 1913, the
British government further pushed its nose into Chinese business, wheedling
certain Tibetan authorities to declare independence with British supervision
and support.
In summer 1942, the
Tibetan local government, supported by the British, declared the creation of a
�foreign affairs bureau,� and carried out �Tibetan independence� activities.
Can you imagine the Chinese doing that in Scotland against the Brits? The
Chinese people condemned these actions. The national government issued a
warning. Under pressure, the ersatz Tibetan government withdrew its decision
and reported so to the national government.
Nevertheless in 1949,
America newspapers announced, �The United States is ready to recognize Tibet as
an independent and free country.� In 1950, weapons were shipped into Tibet
through Calcutta in order to resist the Chinese entry into Tibet. US Secretary
of Sate Dean Acheson openly slandered what amounted to China�s liberation of
its own territory, Tibet, as an �invasion.� The US prodded additional countries
to propose intervention at the United Nations on behalf of (China�s) Tibet.
That scheme was unsuccessful.
Enter the CIA
First, enter former
President George H.W. Bush, declaring that coastal areas of China, plus Tibet,
Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, would split. Then enter the US CIA with a $245,000
investment which would entrust the University of Hawaii to research whether the
tense situations in ethnic areas of China would lead to a split of the country.
Actually, the research results disappointed their aim.
Prior to that, in
1957, the CIA culled six young men from Tibetans living abroad and sent them to
Guam, a US territory, for training in map reading, radio transmission, arms and
parachuting. The US trained 170 �Kamba guerrillas� in batches in Hale Camp,
Colorado, later air-dropped or sneaked into Tibet to carry out CIA plans. In
May '58, two American-trained Kambas brought a transceiver to the headquarters
set up by rebel leader Anzhugcang Goinbo Zhaxi in Shannan to keep in contact
the CIA.
The US air-dropped
arms and ammunition to the rebels in the Chigu Lama Thang plateau and, at the
same time, the US clandestinely shipped large amounts of arms and ammo overland
to rebels dug in the Shannon areas. The 1959 Tibetan rebellion was just another
CIA operation on behalf of the US government. If you think that�s just the Chinese
talking, catch this.
The CIA�s Secret War
on Tibet
This information is
corroborated in Kenneth Conboy and James Morrison�s book, The
CIA�s Secret War on Tibet, published by the University Press of Kansas
(March 2002), ISBN-10 0700611592. Amazon.com�s book description reads �The CIA's Secret War in Tibet takes readers from training camps in the Colorado Rockies
to the scene of clandestine operations in the Himalayas, chronicling the
agency's help in securing the Dalai Lama's safe passage to India and subsequent
initiation of one of the most remote covert campaigns of the Cold War.
�Conboy and Morrison
provide previously unreported details about secret missions undertaken in
extraordinarily harsh conditions. Their book greatly expands on previous
memoirs by CIA officials by putting virtually every major agency participant on
record with details of clandestine operations. It also calls as witnesses the
people who managed and fought in the program -- including Tibetan and Nepalese
agents, Indian intelligence officers, and even mission aircrews.
�Conboy and Morrison
take pains to tell the story from all perspectives, particularly that of the
former Tibetan guerrillas, many of whom have gone on record here for the first
time. The authors also tell how Tibet led America and India to become secret
partners over the course of several presidential administrations and cite
dozens of Indian and Tibetan intelligence documents directly related to these
covert operations.
�As the movement for
Tibetan liberation continues to attract international support, Tibet's status
remains a contentious issue in both Washington and Beijing. This book takes
readers inside a covert war fought with Tibetan blood and U.S. sponsorship and
allows us to better understand the true nature of that controversy. . . ."
A Chinese-American�s point
of view
So from Bejing to
Kansas, we have a very informed but different view of events concerning �Tibet�s
liberation.� Returning to the Index-China.com article, we can scroll past a
history of China to History According
to Hollywood by Bevin Chu, an American architect of Chinese descent
registered to practice in Texas. As of 1998, Chu was living and working in
Taiwan, the son of a retired high-ranking diplomat with the ROC, Taiwan
government.
In his opening
paragraph Chu writes, �Humanitarian Interventionists and Benevolent Global Hegemonists,
most of whom lack even a rudimentary understanding of China's long and complex
history, share a particularly nasty trait. Many of these Globocops imagine
because they have downloaded a few pages of separatist propaganda from
tibet.org, and shed a tear or two while watching �Seven Years in Tibet,� that
qualifies them as China experts. They believe this qualifies them to pass
judgment about whether China �deserves� to remain intact or be forcibly
Balkanized by the World's Only Remaining Superpower. Their attitude rivals that
of the most contemptible 19th century imperialists.�
Chu also points out
in his, �Tibetan Chinese Are Not American Chinese,� that there is 1.5 billion
or a 91.5 percent Han-Chinese majority (Han being the largest ethnic group) in
contrast to some 5.4 million Tibetan Chinese. Nevertheless, both the large and
small ethnic groups were . . ."Conquered by Genghis Khan and his grandson
Kublai Khan in the 13th century.
�A century later it
was replaced by a Han-Chinese dominated Ming Dynasty, which inherited
jurisdiction over the Mongol empire, including the Tibetan region. This is how
Tibet, and of course Mongolia, became part of China.� So we are talking about a
deep, long-standing relationship between all of these groups to China, and not
a �victim-victimizer� point of view as offered by the West. These points are
powerfully underscored by NZKOF�s
YouTube video.
As Chu points out,
�The bottom line is that Tibet was not �invaded� or �annexed� by China in 1959.
Because by then the Tibetan region had been part of China for seven centuries.
. . . One does not �invade� or �annex� what is already one�s own territory.
Bejing dispatched troops to prevent secession by the serf-owning elite which
objected to the abolition of slavery, not to implement annexation. Hardly the
same thing.�
Perhaps the most
salient wrap-up comes in the Chu piece, �If This Be Genocide, Make The Most of
It,� in which he points out that if the Chinese Communists had been racially
motivated to oppress the Tibetans, they could have cynically left Tibet�s
ancient regime in place. He is referring to Tibet�s traditional theocracy, Dali
Lama et al, which imposed a policy that sucked up �enormous numbers of hapless
Tibetan boys to the priesthood.� Here they would �remain celibate for life.
This draconian policy resulted in an alarming decline in Tibet�s population in
recent centuries.�
And, much like the
Shaker sect in America, centered in the Berkshire Mountains of Massachusetts,
one I�m personally familiar with, the sect eventually became extinct due to its
ban on sex. As Chu says, �Bejing emerges an unlikely hero in this respect. Yet
Bejing is ritually reflexively accused by self-styled do-gooders of �genocide,�
both �cultural� and racial. Ironies abound.�
The CIA-attempted
Balkanization of China has already come with its own blowback of anger at the
US from China. And, whatever you think of China, remember we owe them nearly
$300 billion in loans. They lent us the money for Bush�s recent rebate. Bottom
line, it�s pointless that the US and other Western nations keeps creating
impressions that the Chinese are hitting on Tibetans, when in fact recent the recent video from China
showed just the opposite, Tibetans in their region attacking Han Chinese who
live there.
Each YouTube video
underscores earmarks of a divide-and-conquer strategy, which has gotten the US
in trouble in so many places. In fact, the first insight of this came to me
from a Chinese-American friend, fluent in both languages and cultures as Chu
is. He set me straight. My hat is off to him once again.
Jerry Mazza is a freelance writer living in New York.
Reach him at gvmaz@verizon.net.